We discuss the prevention of fire spread in the room, as well as fire-resistant materials for walls

Preventing the spread of fire is essential to protecting your house. In order to keep flames and smoke contained, walls are crucial because fires can be extremely destructive. Your living areas can be made much safer by utilizing fire-resistant materials and putting good preventative measures in place.

We’ll look at a number of strategies in this post to stop a fire from spreading throughout a space. We’ll talk about the differences that can be made with particular fire-resistant wall materials, giving you helpful advice on how to raise the fire safety in your house. To create a safer living environment, it is imperative to comprehend these materials and techniques.

Your home’s fire resistance can be greatly impacted by the wall material and construction decisions you make, whether you’re building from scratch or renovating an existing structure. Let’s examine your options and how they can shield you and your family from possible fire hazards.

This article discusses practical methods for stopping a fire from spreading throughout a space and discusses the best wall materials that resist fire. You can improve the safety of your house and shield your living area from possible fire hazards by being aware of these techniques and materials.

Fire barriers

Setting up fire barriers is one way to stop a fire from spreading throughout a space. They are constructed from non-flammable materials and come in the shape of fire walls, gaps, zones, and ceilings.

Fire walls

A fire wall is any non-combustible wall (partition) that can withstand an open flame for at least two hours and thirty minutes. Both a blank version and one with holes can be made. The presence of openings with fireproof gates or doors is implied by the second option, if the first is self-explanatory.

  • A fire wall passes through all elements of the building, and its base rests on the foundation.
  • At manufacturing plants, such structures are used to separate administrative, residential or warehouse buildings from production sectors.
  • They are also used to divide large industrial and warehouse premises into parts, and to reduce the fire gap between individual buildings.

There are four types of fire walls: roof, exterior, interior, and free-standing.

  • Internal walls divide the building into separate parts;
  • External fire walls coincide with load-bearing walls and prevent the spread of fire to adjacent structures and buildings;
  • Both of these types of walls can be either longitudinal or transverse. Placement is calculated relative to the location of the longitudinal axis of the building.
  • A fire wall between sections on the roof, fences off combustible elements of the structure.
  • Free-standing fire walls are used to protect two closely located buildings from radiant energy. Such structures are needed if the distance between adjacent buildings does not meet the requirements for fire breaks.

The firewall walls are constructed in a way that allows their plane to cut through flooring, light fixtures, coatings, and any other structures that protrude above the roof. The elevated fire walls need to be 30 centimeters higher than the roof composed of fire-resistant materials and 60 centimeters higher than the roof composed of combustible materials.

Additionally, there are unique specifications for firewall wall openings such as gates and doors. These elements have a minimum fire resistance limit of 1.5 hours.

The number of fire walls is decided upon even before the building’s construction has begun, during the engineering calculations stage. The building’s overall area and number of stories, the fire hazard of the future production, and the material’s level of fire resistance all play a role.

Fire zones

In the event that the technological aspects of construction render the installation of firewall walls impractical for a one-story industrial building, the building’s design accommodates the placement of fire zones.

  • They are buffer strips made of fireproof coating, which rest on fireproof supports. Fire zones divide combustible coverings, walls and ceilings into sections, the width of which must be at least 6 meters.
  • Fire zones are divided into longitudinal and transverse. The sides of the buffer strips must rise above the combustible or fire-resistant roof by 70 cm (this value is the minimum).
  • In the diagram of the fire zone device, which is given above, you can see that special devices are installed on both sides, along the edges of the strip – drenchers. With their help, a water curtain is created that prevents the spread of fire.

The automated drencher system is activated by temperature, smoke, and dynamic change thresholds. Water containing additives that put out fires is then delivered to the sprayers.

Fire breaks

A fire break is the space between two buildings, structures, or warehouses on both industrial and residential property. It is calculated using the most fire-hazardous object’s level of fire resistance, which is broken down into categories. The image below displays the data regarding the ratio of these values.

The federal law 22.07.2008 N 123-FZ (as amended from 13.07.2015) titled "Technical regulations on fire safety requirements" can teach you more about the different types of building fire hazards. Additionally, you can find information about a fire wall’s fire resistance limit in Article 87 of this law.

Non-combustible materials for interior decoration

All of the information presented in the article’s first section is solely informative. For general development, so to speak. All because they necessitate professional knowledge and skills, which are inapplicable to the majority of everyday people.

However, what would happen if the house’s construction was finished or almost finished but the firewall was left out of the blueprint? What can we construct with our own hands in our own homes to keep ourselves, our loved ones, and our belongings safe from fire?

Modern industry has established the production of non-flammable finishing materials for these purposes; these will be discussed in more detail later.

Classification of materials

The flammability class divides all finishing materials into three categories:

  • Non-flammable – these are materials that do not support an open flame. They cannot ignite from exposure to fire, sparks, electric current, high temperature and chemical reactions. According to SNIP 21-01-97, they all belong to the NG category, which is indicated by the corresponding marking in the name of the material.
  • Materials that are not capable of independent combustion, but support an open flame are called difficult-to-ignite.
  • All other materials are flammable.

If the primary purpose of protective screens in the past was to prevent fires, then the good aesthetic qualities of contemporary materials have led to a much wider and more widespread use of them.

SKL panels

This material comes in a dense 1200 x 2500 mm sheet with a filler made of calcium silicate. This material has reasonable strength in spite of its light weight. It is safe to use in residential settings and non-toxic.

The majority of SKL models are finished on the front and just need to be installed correctly; however, some options need to be finished further. The tools required for installation are the same as for drywall installation, and the instructions for installing these panels are the same.

  • SKL has a smooth surface, which is impregnated with antiseptic and hydrophobic solutions, due to which the panels are ready for gluing wallpaper, tiles and plaster without preliminary treatment.
  • Silicate-calcium sheets have a huge range of applications. They are equally well suited for finishing walls, floors, ceilings, facades, as well as for the construction of formwork and the organization of protective screens on the roof.
  • This material is indispensable for lining saunas, baths (see. DIY bath finishing: stages of finishing work), high-temperature rooms in production, finishing fireplaces and stoves.
  • Additional advantages of SCL include high elasticity and sound insulation, due to which it is often used in finishing nightclubs, bars and recording studios.

Counseling! You can also solve a lot of other issues by mounting such a panel on the wall. You can enhance heat and sound insulation and safeguard yourself from moisture, precipitation, and temperature fluctuations.

SML panels

Glass-magnesite sheet is made of magnesium oxide, unique additives, and fiberglass reinforcement on both sides.

Similar to the earlier content, SML can be applied as a rough and final polish to later work. The image displays panels in a variety of hues and textures. For a sheet that is 12 mm thick, this material typically costs 300–400 rubles per square meter.

Though it is more rigid and strong than calcium silicate sheets, the material’s properties are similar. They are mostly utilized in locations with heavy kinetic loads, like floors and roofs. SML is also excellent for foam concrete reinforcement, sandwich panels, and ventilated facade finishing.

Fireproof plasterboard

Look for plasterboard labeled GKLO or GKLVO that has been treated with fire retardants if you’re searching for a less expensive option. This material’s surface is painted pink, which makes it easier to locate the desired sheet precisely out of the entire mass.

Although this material’s technical fire safety features are far less than those of its aforementioned equivalents (a fire-resistant plasterboard sheet can withstand exposure to open flame for only 20 minutes), most people who are designing their homes will find this material more appealing due to its affordable price.

Take note! Similar to other plasterboard models, GKLO needs to be finished later.

Wallpaper made of fire-resistant materials

There are materials that exhibit superior fire safety indicators, including wallpaper (refer to Fireproof Wallpaper: Technology and Application).

Fiberglass is used to make wallpaper that doesn’t burn. They appear visually appealing due to their distinct texture and ornamental pattern. This material’s surface is great for painting, so you can design a unique interior design without being constrained by the color scheme offered by the manufacturer.

In actuality, fiberglass wallpaper is a completely capable fire-resistant layer that can stop load-bearing components from igniting. The problem is that the primary ingredient used in their creation—quartz sand—is where the fibrous structure is separated. This mineral is well-known for being strong and resistant to extreme heat.

These wallpapers can even be regularly cleaned with soapy foam and water because they have a low absorption capacity, which makes them resistant to both mechanical damage and deformation.

Non-flammable fabric

Like in the past, a lot of designers today like to use fabric to adorn walls in unusual ways that combine different textures and materials. Not even the ubiquitous "industrial capitalists" could ignore this fact. The end result was the introduction of a new material to the world that has the same aesthetic appeal as traditional fabrics but is also easily resistant to fire and high temperatures.

Because polyester materials form the foundation of this type of fabric, the density and structure of the material do not alter when the product is in use. They are used to create a fabric base during the manufacturing process, which is subsequently impregnated with fire retardants—substances that have the ability to withstand flames. The production of firefighter uniforms also employs comparable technologies.

These textiles are widely used in the automotive industry for interior vehicle decoration, in addition to being used for interior decoration of buildings.

Mineral insulation

Although mineral wool is non-combustible, it regrettably offers no protection for the building’s external décor. Nonetheless, it makes perfect sense to use this material to prevent fires. It can assist you in shielding the building’s floors and supporting framework, preventing the structure from being destroyed too soon in the event of a fire.

Remember that mineral wool is a great way to insulate against sound and heat. On the market, there are numerous variations made of various raw materials. By reading the pertinent articles on our website, you can gain an understanding of the full range of these materials. We also advise you to watch the video that is included in this article.

Prevention of Fire Spread Fire-Resistant Materials for Walls
Install smoke detectors and fire alarms Use gypsum board or drywall
Keep flammable materials away from heat sources Consider fire-rated insulation
Regularly inspect and maintain electrical systems Opt for fire-resistant paints and coatings
Seal gaps and cracks in walls Use fire-resistant wall panels
Ensure proper ventilation to reduce heat buildup Install fire-resistant doors

Proper materials and preventive measures are the first steps towards ensuring fire safety in any building. Your property and its occupants are protected from the risk of fire spreading when you choose fire-resistant materials for your walls. Mineral wool, fire-resistant bricks, and gypsum boards are a few materials that are easily incorporated into wall construction while providing excellent protection.

In addition to choosing the right materials, correct installation and upkeep are essential. Preventing fire hazards can be greatly aided by making sure that all fire-resistant materials are installed correctly and that they are routinely inspected for damage. In order to keep fire-resistant barriers intact, joints and gaps must be properly sealed.

Recall that the goal of implementing fire safety measures is to create a safe environment for all people, not just to comply with regulations. You can create a more secure and safe environment by using fire-resistant materials and keeping them up to date. Keep yourself updated on the best methods and supplies available to maintain the fire-prevention efficacy of your walls.

Video on the topic

Actions of officials responsible for ensuring fire safety

MAIN MISTAKE – DEEP IMMERSION OF A SELF-TAPING SCREW INTO THE BODY OF A SHEET #repair #apartmentrenovation #construction

DESIGN ERROR BEDROOM MASTER #construction #construction #silicate block #aerated concrete #porevit

Open lesson on the topic "Fire barriers. Classification and purpose"

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Veronica Gerasimova

Interior designer, author of books on the design of residential premises. I will help you make your home not only functional, but also beautiful.

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