Plastering and painting the facade. Types of plaster mixtures and paints and varnishes. Surface varieties. Finishing technology

One of the best ways to improve a building’s appearance and weather resistance is to transform its exterior with paint and plaster. Any facade may be given a clean, contemporary appearance while maintaining long-lasting durability with the appropriate combination of plaster mixtures and paints.

Selecting the right materials is essential. Depending on the surface and the intended result, various plaster mixes and paint finishes have different advantages. Knowing your options will help you get the best results, regardless of whether you’re going for a textured, rustic look or a smooth, sleek finish.

In this post, we’ll look at different plaster mixtures and paints, discuss various surface options, and guide you through the crucial steps of finishing a facade. This guide will assist you in making well-informed decisions and guarantee that your project fulfills your vision.

A building’s facade must be painted and plastered in order to preserve its aesthetic appeal. To ensure durability and aesthetic appeal, this process entails selecting the appropriate plaster mixtures and paints, being aware of the variety of surfaces you’re working with, and adhering to the proper finishing techniques. You can create a durable, elegant exterior that withstands the weather by matching materials and techniques.

Types of plaster

In private and multi-apartment construction, a variety of facade plaster types are employed; let’s look at the most effective ones.

Mineral

A cape and cement plaster leveling are seen in the picture.

As implied by the name, natural minerals serve as the foundation for these materials:

Regular Portland cement serves as the foundation for cement plaster.

Among the material’s characteristics are:

  • Cost – cement plaster contains water, cement and sand – it is difficult to imagine why the price of the material can be high.
  • Durability – if the correct proportions are observed during the preparation process – this is the most durable plaster.
  • Vapor permeability – for many facades, the ability to pass moisture coming from the building is important, otherwise the walls can become damp – cement compositions allow moisture to circulate without problems.
  • The disadvantage of this material is in the color range. There are specialized mixtures (for those who do not want to cook themselves), but the number of shades is also very limited.

However, there is now a solution to the cement plaster’s color limitation. You can create a facade of any color you want because nearly all silicone facade paint for plaster fits perfectly on cement.

Counseling! Cement plaster can be made stronger by mixing in a small amount of silicate glue.

Liquid glass serves as the foundation for silicate plaster. When employing this material, the walls’ vapor permeability also stays within the appropriate range.

A drawback is that the facade plastered with silicate mortar frequently develops cracks on its surface. Thus, when the facade is further finished—say, with shell rock—the use of a silicate composition makes sense.

Acrylic

A portion of the facade that has been completed with acrylic plaster

Ready-to-use acrylic plaster is sold. The primary binder, acrylic resin, is present in it.

This composition works flawlessly with nearly any type of building material. Its high coefficient of elasticity allows it to withstand significant facade shrinkage without developing cracks.

The material’s cost is the drawback; compared to other plasters, finishing the facade with a thick layer will result in a disproportionately higher final cost. Please be aware that if you choose to do the work yourself, it will require more materials than if you hire a specialist.

Silicone

Structure coated in silicone plaster

Although silicone plaster is the most affordable option, its premium price is attributed to a number of exceptional qualities:

  • Silicone plaster tends to bend and stretch. It is so plastic that it is even used for plastering wooden houses. Houses made of wood shrink very much, but the silicone base stretches and cracks do not appear on the surface of the material.
  • This product can be tinted in any color.
  • Silicone forms a self-cleaning layer on its surface – precipitation independently washes the facade.
  • The uniqueness of the silicone composition lies in its hydrophobicity, in which the material still remains vapor-permeable.

Kindly take note! Facade paint on plaster may not be used for outdoor work when using a silicone composition because silicone can withstand weather conditions on its own.

Types of surfaces

It’s not always necessary for the plastered facade surface to be smooth, puttied, and painted.

Today, a relief facade can be made with specific methods and plastering compounds:

  • Under the stone – plaster is used, which includes small granules. The dried layer looks like a collection of small stones.
  • Lamb – a structured coating, in appearance resembling the texture of curly wool.

Plaster ornament "Bark beetle"

  • Bark beetle – a smooth surface, cut with many thin depressions. Often used for finishing facades insulated with foam plastic. As a finishing finish, facade paint on Bark beetle plaster is used – it penetrates into the depressions and paints the entire surface of the facade.
  • Venetian plaster – the composition is similar to plaster "under the stone", but marble chips are used as a filler. Acrylic resins are used as a binder. In appearance, the finished coating resembles polished marble.

Plastering technology

Once the building has settled completely, the facade can be plastered. Plastering should be done after the roof, electrical wiring, and waterproofing are completed.

Before beginning work, the work area is prepared by clearing it of any debris, grease stains, and other materials that can compromise the plaster’s ability to stick to the wall.

Kindly take note! It is necessary to moisten the facade wall before plastering during a dry, hot period to ensure adequate adhesion.

Plastering a structure with beacons

Traditional guidelines for applying cement plaster:

  • Installation of beacons – metal profiles are attached to the entire height with a step of 1 m. First, two extreme beacons are attached, an indicator cord is pulled between them, along which the remaining guides are installed.
  • Cover – plaster mortar is thrown onto the wall with a sharp slap using a trowel. This is how the space between the beacons is filled, the layer thickness should slightly protrude beyond the profile.
  • Leveling – the rule is installed on the beacons from below, a sharp upward movement is made without lifting the rule from the beacons.
  • Repeated cape – after working with the rule, sinuses remain on the surface of the plaster – they are again filled with mortar using the cape.
  • Finishing leveling – the rule is installed on the beacons again, the leveling actions are repeated.
  • Grouting – after the plaster has dried a little, grouting is carried out. The float is tightly installed on the plaster, circular movements are performed without removing the tool from the surface.

The facade is first primed, and then additional types of plaster are applied. A big spatula is used to apply the first layer. The next layer is applied after the previous layer has dried, and drying is done in between.

Using a spatula, float, or half-float, alignment is accomplished.

Plaster leveling using a float

Kindly take note! Fiberglass mesh is used to reinforce the facade on soft surfaces (mineral wool, polystyrene foam) because it prevents the plaster from cracking.

The intricacy of the surface leveling determines how many layers are needed. Two layers at the very least are used.

Choosing paint

Understanding the characteristics of various compositions is important in order to determine which facade paint is best for plaster.

Silicate

Mineral pigments and silicate filler are the additional ingredients in silicate facade paint, which has liquid glass as its base.

Paint for a silicate facade

Silicate paint is impervious to all forms of precipitation and UV rays. There is a 20-year declared service life. Additionally, the paint offers a typical degree of vapor permeability, so when using this paint, the facade’s walls won’t get wet.

The disadvantage of silicate paints is that they do not have the unique thermal properties of, say, fire-retardant paints for metal Polystil and other thermal compounds; instead, they crack when exposed to high temperatures.

Additionally, silicate mixtures are not elastic, so when they expand thermally, cracks appear on their surface.

Cement and lime

Cement-based paint that hardens quickly

Portland cement and slaked lime make up the base of these paints. High vapor permeability is one of the benefits, and lime solutions also have bactericidal properties.

There are additional drawbacks, such as how readily precipitation can remove these paints. Since cement paints don’t have a bactericidal effect, fungus frequently grows on them.

These paints are essentially never used in private construction, mostly because of the compositions’ grave flaws.

Acrylic

Facade paint with an acrylic base

Acrylic paints are reasonably priced and offer good quality.

Although the paint has less vapor permeability than other types, it offers better protection against moisture from the outside. Water or an organic solvent serve as the foundation for acrylic paint.

These combinations are advised for use when painting structures with severely worn finishing layers because plaster-covered acrylic facade paint can level and conceal even sizable flaws.

Silicone

Silicone paint for facades

The following unique qualities set silicone paints apart:

  • Completely hydrophobic layer – the wall after painting is not afraid of rain or fog – but vapor permeability remains at the proper level due to microscopic pores.
  • Excellent adhesion to any type of facade plaster.
  • Unique resistance to ultraviolet radiation, heat and frost. When special conductive paint Zinga is used to protect metal – it is not afraid of any (chemical, weather) effects – silicone paint protects the facade in the same way – the walls are not afraid of either the hot sun or severe frosts.
  • Low static index – the facade does not electrify and practically does not attract dust.

Water-based materials serve as the material’s foundation. Drawbacks: less elastic and resistant to wear than acrylic.

  • Brick paint for outdoor work

Painting technology

You must prepare the walls for painting once the type of paint has been chosen and it is not worthwhile to consider what to paint a plastered house’s facade with.

  • Assess the condition of the walls: the plaster should not crumble, when you run your hand over it, there should be no dust left on your palms. If the plaster is not strong, it is worth puttingtying the walls.
  • Priming – it is necessary to cover the entire surface of the walls with a penetrating primer.

Before you start painting, choose your tool. A medium-length pile roller or a wide brush will work well. However, a spray gun would be the best choice.

Brush painting of the facade

The following is how professional technology paints the facade in plaster:

  • Before starting work, the paint is mixed well.
  • Paint, regardless of the chosen tool, is applied randomly, constantly changing direction – horizontally, vertically and diagonally. This approach will ensure maximum homogeneity of paint when looking at the facade from the side.
  • Apply the first layer, when it dries completely, apply subsequent layers. Each layer must dry before applying the next.

Kindly take note! Paint is applied in three layers minimum on lime plaster and two layers minimum on other types of plaster.

Avoid pausing while painting to avoid having the borders of the dried painted sections stick out from the facade.

Aspect Description
Types of Plaster Mixtures Cement-based, lime-based, and gypsum-based plasters are common choices for exterior walls, each offering different levels of durability, breathability, and application ease.
Surface Varieties Surfaces like concrete, brick, or wood require specific plastering techniques to ensure proper adhesion and longevity of the finish.
Painting Techniques After plastering, surfaces can be painted with various types of paint, including acrylic, silicone, or silicate-based options, depending on the desired finish and weather resistance.
Finishing Technology Proper preparation, application, and curing are key steps to achieving a smooth, durable finish, whether plastering or painting.

It takes careful thought to select the right plaster mixtures and paints or varnishes to achieve a well-finished facade. Selecting the best material for your project will rely on its particular requirements, including the surface type and intended look. Different types of materials have different advantages.

For results to last, the surface must be properly prepared. Knowing the right finishing technology, whether working with textured or smooth surfaces, guarantees that the facade will not only last the weather over time but also look fantastic.

In the end, attention to detail—from carefully choosing the materials to applying them—is what makes a facade successful. These steps will help you create a stunning and long-lasting exterior that will improve your building’s overall appeal.

Video on the topic

Application of silicone facade plaster for external work Farbe

Choosing plaster for the facade

How to prepare the facade for painting

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Veronica Gerasimova

Interior designer, author of books on the design of residential premises. I will help you make your home not only functional, but also beautiful.

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