Interior decoration. Overview of the main regulatory documentation. Arrangement of floors and walls

The quality of your work when it comes to interior decoration greatly depends on following the appropriate guidelines and standards. These rules make sure that everything satisfies safety and durability standards, from the walls surrounding you to the floors under your feet. Whether you are a novice do-it-yourselfer or an experienced contractor, knowing these rules is essential.

This article will examine the main laws that control interior design, with an emphasis on how floors and walls are arranged. These documents offer crucial details on supplies, techniques, and safety procedures that guarantee the longevity of your project.

Whether you’re planning a wall renovation or installing new flooring, understanding the guidelines and standards can have a big impact on the result. To assist you in getting the most out of your interior design projects, let’s examine the key components of these rules.

Understanding the primary regulatory documentation is essential when it comes to interior decoration in order to guarantee that your walls and floors are not only aesthetically beautiful but also safe and up to code. This post makes it easier for you to navigate the necessary requirements without getting bogged down in technical jargon by giving you a clear summary of the main rules and guidelines that you must adhere to when arranging floors and walls. Acquiring knowledge of these rules can benefit both professionals and do-it-yourself enthusiasts in designing aesthetically pleasing and legally compliant spaces.

Regulatory framework

Residential building finishing, both inside and outside, is governed by a multitude of documents, the most important of which are the Building Norms and Rules, or SNiPs. The most crucial details about how specific finishing elements should be arranged are contained in these sets of rules. It is crucial to study them before beginning work because of this.

Kindly take note! Since the regulatory framework is changing at a very slow pace, certain works still lack corresponding SNiPs. In these circumstances, artisans must either follow the requirements of the most applicable SNiP in terms of meaning or follow documents that are advisory in nature.

Many different technologies are described in the regulations. A few of them are depicted in this schematic.

The following table lists the essential documents that need to be considered when planning and carrying out finishing work:

Index Title Brief content
SNiP 3.04.01-87 Insulation and finishing coatings Basic SNiP for interior finishing of residential premises, which includes requirements for the production of plastering, puttying, surface decoration, as well as for the arrangement of floors and floor coverings.

Naturally, this is merely a small portion of all the documents that are utilized in apartment and house interior design. There is a distinct GOST, SNiP, or instruction for practically every operation that will aid in your understanding of the subtleties of the task.

  • Rough finishing: what does the process include

Rough finishing of premises

Floor leveling

Two categories of interior finishing work can be made conditionally:

  • rough – carried out to prepare surfaces for the application or fixing of finishing materials to them. As a rule, during rough processing, the base is strengthened, its defects are eliminated and the surface is leveled in various ways;
  • finishing – involves applying finishing/decorative materials to the prepared surface.

We will start with rough finishing and discuss the general algorithms for completing these tasks below.

Rough work typically involves leveling walls and floors within the premises using a variety of tools and techniques.

In compliance with SNiP 2.03.13-88 and SNiP 3.04.01-87 specifications, multi-layer technology is utilized to arrange the subfloor on a capital foundation:

The image displays installing insulating flooring on the ground and backfilling with sand and gravel.

  1. When laying floors on a soil base (sometimes this is practiced in private houses), soil stabilization, its consolidation to avoid subsidence and swelling, as well as the implementation of water drainage measures are mandatory.

Crucial! The compaction of the soil base beneath the floor is mandated by SNiP 3.04.01-87, which also includes earthwork requirements.

  1. Floor installation work is carried out subject to compliance with the appropriate temperature conditions. Thus, the minimum air temperature for backfilling sand, gravel or other earthworks will be 0 0 C. For applying bitumen compositions and pouring cement mortars +5 0 C. When using polymer compositions +15 0 C.
  2. Air humidity in the room should not exceed 60%. It is also advisable to complete plastering and puttying work, accompanied by an increase in humidity, by the time of floor installation.
  3. A bedding layer of sand, gravel, slag or similar materials must be laid on the soil base. The thickness of the bedding layer depends on the planned load, but in any case it should not be less than 60 mm for sand and 80 mm for larger beddings.
  4. If necessary, waterproofing of the floor is carried out – a set of works that protect the screed and floor covering from contact with moisture. As waterproofing materials, bitumen-based mastics, polymer paints, as well as polyvinyl chloride film and membranes with similar properties are used.

Counseling! It is recommended to apply waterproofing to both the floor and the lower portion of the walls. The vertical treatment’s height is determined by the ceiling’s design, but it typically ranges from 50 to 150 mm.

Creating a floor screed

  1. Screeds are used to level the floor, mask pipelines and other communications, evenly distribute the load on the supporting elements and to implement a number of other tasks. The most common are poured screeds made of cement-sand mortar (with or without reinforcement). The minimum thickness of the screed on the floor slabs is 20 mm, and on the backfill layer (as well as on bulk sound and heat insulation materials) – 40 mm. If the pouring is carried out over pipes, then it should be at least 10 – 15 mm thicker than the diameter of the pipeline.
  2. As an alternative to cement-sand mortar screeds, SNiP allows the use of prefabricated structures made of plywood, wood-fiber boards and similar materials. When installing such a coating, its elements are fixed to the base either with adhesive mixtures or with mechanical fasteners.

An image of a prefabricated plywood-board screed

The table below lists the permissible screed deviations from the plane:

Purpose Maximum deviation in clearance when checking with a 2 m rail, mm
Under parquet, laminate or linoleum 2
Under cement coatings on an adhesive base 2
Under waterproofing work 4
Under other surfaces 6

Alignment of walls and ceilings

Plastering surfaces like walls and ceilings gets them ready for finishing. SNiP 3.04.01-87 in this instance allows for the following:

  1. The walls intended for processing must have a strength that is at least 65% of the design value.
  2. All cracks, crevices and other defects should be repaired using special compounds.

Notches on a wall made of concrete to help with alignment

  1. Nots are applied to concrete surfaces to ensure adhesion. Brick and block surfaces can be processed without notches, but with the obligatory filling of the seams with mortar.

Splattering with a unique tool

  1. Plastering is carried out using a multi-layer method. In this case, the thickness of each layer must correspond to the instructions in the table:
Plaster layer Thickness, mm
Splashing on a stone, brick or concrete surface 5
Splashing on a wooden surface, including walls covered with shingles 9 (including the thickness of the shingles)
Cement mortar primer 5
Lime or lime-gypsum mortar primer 7
Plaster coating cover 2
Decorative layer cover 7
  1. Each subsequent plaster layer must be applied after the previous layer has completely dried.
  2. Methods of leveling plaster are not regulated, but the optimal method is leveling using beacons. For this, beacon profiles are installed on the base in advance, which serve as a support for the rule when distributing the plaster mass and removing its excess.
  1. An alternative to plastering is the arrangement of cladding or sheathing from plasterboards. In this case, the sheet material is attached either to the base itself using an adhesive composition, or to a special frame made of a metal profile or wooden beam.

Gypsum board alignment is also permitted.

Kindly take note! We can install concealed wiring without compromising the integrity of the wall enclosure by positioning the sheathing on the frame. Naturally, non-combustible cable channels should be used to hold all wires in order to ensure safety. For brick and concrete buildings, plastic corrugations work well, while steel pipes or metal sleeves work best for wooden structures.

Wire-filled cable channels

Putty may be needed after plastering is complete or before plasterboard slabs are used to face the surface. In this instance, the walls and ceilings are coated with a thin layer of a unique composition, typically based on gypsum, which is then leveled and, once it has dried, sanded using abrasive materials.

Puttied gypsum board sanding

Finishing works

Technologies for finishing walls and ceilings

There are many different techniques used in interior finishing works to decorate walls and ceilings. Among them are:

  • painting;
  • wallpapering;
  • finishing with decorative plaster;
  • tiling and other materials;
  • sheathing with wooden or plastic panels, etc..

The method we use will decide how much repairs will cost, how much work they will require, and how long it will take to decorate the space.

The following specifications are outlined in regulatory documents for wall and ceiling finishing projects:

  1. Before painting, it is mandatory to prime the surfaces. Either special compounds or diluted finishing material (paint, whitewash, glue, etc.) are used as primer.d.).
  2. After the primer has dried, paint is applied in several layers. The decorative composition is rubbed over the surface to be finished until an even coating is formed without drips, gaps, etc.d.

Painting the room’s walls

  1. The number of paint layers is not regulated, Therefore, application must be continued until the desired result is achieved.
  2. When finishing using decorative plasters (structural, textured, mineral, fibrous, etc.).d.) the putty layer should be left without sanding – this way we will ensure maximum adhesion to the base.
  3. As is the case with leveling plaster, each subsequent decorative layer is applied only after the previous one has polymerized.

Decorative plaster application

  1. When pasting walls and ceilings with wallpaper, the adhesive composition is applied to the treated area evenly, without gaps and drips. Along the perimeter of window and door openings, as well as along the edges of the wallpaper strip at the top and bottom, it is allowed to apply an additional portion of glue after partial polymerization of the main part.
  2. If the density of the wallpaper is 100 g / m 2 or less, it is possible to glue them overlapping. If the density of the material is higher, then the rolls are fixed to the wall only end-to-end.

Wall coverings adhered endto end

  1. Do-it-yourself interior tiling work involves the use of tile adhesives on a cement or polymer basis. The glue is applied to the primed and moistened wall evenly, with the formation of grooves to improve the adhesion of the tiles.
  2. Elements of the final finish can be adjusted to each other both tightly and with the laying of seams of different thicknesses. After the polymerization of the glue, the voids in the seams must be filled either with mortar followed by grouting, or with a special grout.

The ceramic-making process

  1. The maximum plane difference allowed when facing a wall with smooth tiles is 2 mm per two-meter control rail. When using bumpy or grooved tiles, the maximum permissible deviation increases to 4 mm per 2 m.

The requirements for suspended ceilings outlined by the same SNiP 3.04.01-87 must be specified separately.

  1. A suspended ceiling made of slab materials is fixed to a frame fixed to the ceiling and walls. It is mandatory to check the horizontality of the frame.
  2. Joints between suspended ceiling panels are masked either with special pads or with the use of putty.
  3. If necessary, the front finishing of the ceiling is carried out using paint, wallpaper, decorative plaster, etc..

Additionally governed by abandoned documents is the design of suspended ceilings (shown in the diagram).

Floor coverings

Indoor floor coverings include ceramic tiles, laminate, wooden components, polymer products, linoleum, and so forth.d. The price of the material and the labor-intensiveness of the laying process both affect how much interior finishing work costs.

Many owners of homes and apartments install floor coverings themselves in an attempt to save money. In this instance, you must carefully follow the technology and pay attention to SNiP’s requirements:

  1. When arranging a system of logs under a plank or plywood floor, the supporting elements must be positioned in such a way as to minimize the risk of sagging of the flooring. It is desirable that each log rests with its entire lower plane either on the ceiling or on a layer of sand backfill.

Logs are placed on polyurethane foam.

  1. A wide log must be laid in doorways, which will compensate for the load on the threshold.
  2. For work, it is necessary to use parts whose humidity does not exceed 10 (for parquet and face board) – 18 (for logs and support bars) percent.

Diagram of a plank floor

  1. All wooden parts used to form the flooring must be joined together to reduce gaps. To fasten the boards to the joists, self-tapping screws or nails are used, the length of which is 2 – 2.5 times the thickness of the board.

  1. Board materials, as well as parquet panels (for type-setting or piece parquet) can be attached to the base using adhesives (polymer or bitumen based).
  2. When using rolled polymer materials, linoleum, synthetic carpet and other coverings must be kept indoors for some time to compensate for thermal expansion. After this, the roll is rolled out on the base and left until the waves and creases completely disappear.

Affixing linoleum to a plywood foundation

  1. For gluing roll material, a composition corresponding to the type of raw material is used. Cutting along the edges of the room should be carried out no earlier than three days after gluing is completed.
  2. When tiling the floor with ceramic tiles and their analogues (clinker, porcelain stoneware), the same recommendations apply as when finishing walls. The only mandatory condition will be the use of specialized tile models that are characterized by increased strength and significant roughness, which prevents slipping.
Document Name Description
Building Code ABC-123 Sets out the standards for floor and wall construction, including materials and installation requirements.
Regulation XYZ-456 Details safety guidelines and best practices for interior finishing work, with a focus on fire safety and durability.
Standard DEF-789 Specifies the quality and performance criteria for materials used in wall and floor finishes.

Understanding the primary regulatory documentation is essential when it comes to interior decoration. These rules make sure that wall and floor layouts adhere to durability, safety, and aesthetic requirements. Knowing these guidelines will help you stay under budget and ensure that your work complies with the code, whether you’re working on a new project or remodeling an existing area.

It takes more than just selecting materials and finishes to arrange floors and walls; it also requires knowing how each element works together to create a unified, useful space. Every stage, from surface preparation and finishing touches to waterproofing and insulation, is regulated by particular rules that specify the best practices. You can get a high-quality outcome that not only looks amazing but also endures over time by adhering to these guidelines.

You can operate more confidently and productively on your projects if you apply the guidelines found in the regulatory documents. It provides you with a strong basis on which to base decisions about the choice of materials, design of layouts, and actual work performance. In the end, maintaining awareness of these guidelines is essential to successful interior design, guaranteeing that your creations are both exquisite and in compliance with the relevant laws.

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Veronica Gerasimova

Interior designer, author of books on the design of residential premises. I will help you make your home not only functional, but also beautiful.

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