Adhesive putty: technical characteristics of leveling compounds

Adhesive putty is essential for creating a wall surface that is flawless and smooth. This multipurpose substance is indispensable for repairing flaws and establishing a level base prior to applying paint or wallpaper. Knowing its technical features will help you select the best type for your project and guarantee the best outcomes.

The purpose of adhesive putty is to smooth out surfaces such as walls by plugging holes, cracks, and other imperfections. Its composition has an impact on how easily it sands down, dries quickly, and sticks to various surfaces. With this information, you can choose a product that will fulfill your demands and provide a superior finish.

This post will discuss the different kinds of adhesive putty that are available, their main technical characteristics, and practical applications. Understanding these factors will help you consistently achieve a smooth, polished surface, regardless of whether you’re a professional or a do-it-yourself enthusiast.

Characteristic Description
Drying Time Typically 1-2 hours for initial drying; can vary depending on the product and conditions.
Application Thickness Can be applied in layers from 1mm to several millimeters thick, depending on the compound.
Coverage Generally covers about 1 square meter per kilogram, depending on thickness and surface texture.
Adhesion Good adhesion to a variety of surfaces including drywall, concrete, and plaster.
Finish Provides a smooth, even surface ready for painting or further finishing.

Types and characteristics of adhesive putties

Leveling is an inevitable process if finishing is done on a base. The technology is highly labor-intensive and necessitates specific theoretical knowledge and skills. Consequently, it might not be successful to putty walls—and ceilings in particular—with your hands the first time. The finishing screed quality is subject to the strictest specifications, so these tasks need to be handled extremely carefully.

Polymer-adhesive

Usually, factory-prepared putties are used for small-scale projects. These can be purchased in plastic buckets and jars that are fully operational, or they can be purchased as dry formulations in bags that need to be diluted with water in accordance with the directions on the package. Thus:

  • Based on the type of binder, putties are divided into several groups. The choice of one option or another depends on the type of paint that is planned to be used as a decorative coating, and, of course, the conditions of its use.
    For facade work, polymer-adhesive compositions are used, since they are sufficiently resistant to moisture, ultraviolet radiation, and low temperatures.

  • In the manufacture of putties of this type, acrylic resin or latex is used as a polymer filler. These substances are often combined, and the putties are called acrylate.
    Thanks to the incredible elasticity of polymer resins, adhesive putty acquires similar qualities: the technical characteristics of these compounds allow them to be used in finishing facades.
  • Polymer-adhesive putties, one of which you see in the photo above, are, in principle, universal. The plasticity of the finished composition makes it the best option for final leveling of ceilings. The fraction of the binder in polymer putties does not exceed 0.05 mm.
  • With a layer thickness of up to 5 mm, the mixture is consumed within 1 kg per 1 m2 of area. Such a screed dries in 4-5 hours, and the viability of the mixture remains for 24 hours from the moment of mixing, or opening the can. The adhesion strength of such a screed is usually at least 4 kg / 1 m2.

Smooth concrete bases, gypsum and cement plasters, gypsum plasterboard, and gypsum fiber sheets can all be treated with polymer putties. Even the surface of wood can be filled; for more information, see How to fill wood: materials, tools, process technology. Although these compositions cost more than other fillers, they have far superior technical qualities that impact the final surface’s quality.

Oil-adhesive fillers and putties

This kind of filler is only used indoors, and only to prime the surface before applying oil paint. These combinations consist of plasticizing additives, gypsum, water, and drying oil, which is the primary ingredient in oil paints. Thus:

  • Adhesive filler is a pasty plastic mass that effectively eliminates various surface defects. The low price of these solutions is one of their main advantages.
    That is why they have been used in interior finishing works for decades, without losing their popularity over the years.

  • Professional finishers rarely use factory-made putties, they make them on the construction site. After all, if the volume of work is large, for example, finishing of the premises of a multi-storey building or another large building, a mobile painting station usually operates at the site. With its help, not only paints are tinted, but also primers and putties are produced.
  • For the preparation of putties and coatings, a variety of ingredients can be used: PVA dispersion, wood glue, laundry soap, chalk, gypsum, drying oil, primer. Their composition may differ depending on what kind of paint will be used for surface preparation: adhesive or oil paint.
  • In the first case, the composition is as follows: 1 part of sifted gypsum and 3 parts of chalk are poured into a five percent glue solution, achieving a homogeneous, convenient for work, consistency. Not only adhesive putty, but also copper sulfate or polyvinyl acetate can be used under water-based paint.

  • Copper sulfate putty used under oil paint consists of animal glue, drying oil, laundry soap, copper sulfate and water. It can be used not only under adhesive, but also under silicate paint. The composition of oil-adhesive putty is as follows: for 1 liter of drying oil, add 100 g of ten percent wood glue, and about 3 kg of chalk.
  • If you need to fill in recesses and other pronounced surface defects, mix a thicker paste, which is called putty. The working consistency of the mixture for performing a continuous screed should be slightly more liquid and easy to lay. Usually, putty is done first, and then already, after the sealed fragments have dried, puttying over the entire area.
  • There is another version of putty for oil paint, with laundry soap, due to which the mixture acquires remarkable plasticity, and is easier to distribute over the surface. It is prepared as follows: glue is diluted with hot water, and soap is planed there, stirring until the lumps disappear completely. Drying oil is added to the hot emulsion in a thin stream, and then sifted chalk.

  • Glue putty for water-soluble paints can also be made according to this recipe. There are copper sulfate primers on sale, and they can also serve as a basis for making a putty mixture. For one liter of primer, add 150 ml of 10% adhesive solution, and sifted gypsum – until a doughy consistency.
  • Thanks to the glue, screeds made with adhesive putties dry quickly, which cannot be said about purely oil and semi-oil compositions. To speed up drying, a special technical liquid is added to them: a siccative – at the rate of 50 g per 1l of drying oil.
    Such putties are used not only for leveling walls, but also for plank floors, as well as door and window frames.
  • You can also make oil-adhesive putty for home use, but with small volumes the savings are not very noticeable. It is easier to take a factory-made version, especially if it is, for example, the assembly and repair mixture "Plaster".It contains cellulose fibers and additives that improve its properties, due to which such putty can also be used as glue.

  • The question immediately arises: "What is glued to it"?. Perhaps not everyone knows that drywall can be mounted not only on the sheathing, but also with glue.
    In this case, the repair and assembly composition "Plaster" plays a double role: gypsum board is glued to it, and it is also used to seal the seams and final leveling of the surface before painting. Gypsum tongue-and-groove panels (GTP) are mounted on such a solution, and accordingly, they perform surface preparation.

This kind of putty can be used to patch up chips and potholes on surfaces because it can be applied in layers up to 5 cm thick. It should be noted that this mixture can also be used to repair ceilings by sealing the joints between floors without the need for reinforcing tape.

Adhesive putty is a multipurpose, indispensable tool for wall finishing that provides efficient ways to achieve a level and smooth surface. Its technical attributes, such as flexibility, adhesion strength, and drying time, are important in determining which applications it is appropriate for. Comprehending these characteristics aids in selecting the appropriate putty to attain expert-grade outcomes in wall leveling and finishing endeavors.

An indispensable tool for wall finishing, adhesive putty provides a dependable way to achieve even and smooth surfaces. Adhesion strength and drying time are two of its technical attributes that are critical to a successful application and long-lasting outcomes.

It is possible to select the ideal leveling compound for your project by being aware of the various varieties and their unique characteristics. The quality of your finished walls can be greatly improved by choosing the right adhesive putty, regardless of whether you’re working on smaller fixes or more extensive surface preparations.

You can maximize the performance of your adhesive putty by taking into account variables like composition, application technique, and drying times. This will improve the overall look of your walls and help you achieve a perfect finish.

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Veronica Gerasimova

Interior designer, author of books on the design of residential premises. I will help you make your home not only functional, but also beautiful.

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